Journal: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Article Title: Tuberculosis is associated with a down-modulatory lung immune response that impairs Th1-type immunity.

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801212

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 8. Expression of human NOS2 by lung cells. A, Comparisons of NOS2 levels between those in TB patients and healthy volunteers (VOL) are illustrated as the mean (SEM) percentage of positive cells (alveolar macrophages) obtained at diagnosis (time (T) 0) and at day 15 of anti-TB treatment. Statistically significant differences in NOS2 levels were noted between those TB patients and the healthy volunteers (, p 0.05; Mann- Whitney U test). B, Mean NOS2 levels quantified from TB cases at time of diagnosis to 180 days are illustrated. Of the 15 TB cases studies, the num- ber of patients with positive NOS2 lung cells at time of diagnosis (T0) and during anti-TB treatment (days 15, 30, 60, and 180), respectively, were 13, 10, 5, 6, and 3. All of the nine healthy volunteers had NOS2 detected. Statistical differences in the expressions of NOS2 at different times during anti-TB treatment are shown (, p 0.0; Student’s t test for repeated measures).

Article Snippet: Immunolocalization was performed with immune alkaline phosphatase using the primary mAb, anti-human NOS2 (purified mouse monoclonal IgG1, clone 2D2-B2, 100 g; R&D Systems), diluted to 1/40 in TBS containing BSA.

Techniques: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01440-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of α-synuclein (αSYN) oligomers in neurons and neuropil. A Neuronal staining pattern of αSYN proximity ligation assay (αSYN-PLA) staining was classified into four patterns: neuronal-clustered, neuronal-patchy, neuronal-punctate, and null. Scale bars 10 µm. B αSYN-PLA severity in neuropil was scored from 0 (no signal) to 5 (highest) by a pre-made scoring plate. Scale bars 20 µm

Article Snippet: After blocking in 3% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 30 min, primary antibody for phosphorylated-αSYN (1:2000; mouse monoclonal, psyn#64, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) was added and incubated at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Staining, Proximity Ligation Assay

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01440-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: α-synuclein (αSYN) oligomers detected by αSYN proximity ligation assay (αSYN-PLA) staining. A Representative images of αSYN-PLA staining from three PD patients in the frontal cortex and occipital cortex. Scale bars 20 µm. B Linear staining along axons in the temporal cortex of PD2 detected by αSYN-PLA staining. Scale bar 20 µm. C Neuronal staining patterns of αSYN-PLA staining were classified into neuronal-clustered, neuronal-patchy, neuronal-punctate, and null. Each staining pattern in each brain region was shown in red, orange, yellow, and gray, respectively. D Severity of αSYN-PLA staining in neuropil was evaluated by the scoring plate. Each score was shown in red-brown, red, dark orange, light orange, yellow, and gray. dmX , dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; N , nucleus; LC , locus coeruleus; SN , substantia nigra; CA , cornu ammonis; NA , not assessed

Article Snippet: After blocking in 3% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 30 min, primary antibody for phosphorylated-αSYN (1:2000; mouse monoclonal, psyn#64, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) was added and incubated at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Proximity Ligation Assay, Staining

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01440-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison between α-synuclein (αSYN) oligomer burden and Lewy-related pathology (LRP) burden. A The overall severity of αSYN oligomer burden on a five-point scale in each brain region. B The severity of LRP burden on a five-point scale in each brain region. Each pathological severity (severe, moderate, mild, slight, and null) was shown in brown, red, orange, yellow, and gray, respectively. dmX , dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; N , nucleus; LC , locus coeruleus; SN , substantia nigra; CA , cornu ammonis; NA , not assessed

Article Snippet: After blocking in 3% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 30 min, primary antibody for phosphorylated-αSYN (1:2000; mouse monoclonal, psyn#64, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) was added and incubated at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01440-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative images of phosphorylated α-synuclein (αSYN) immunostaining and αSYN proximity ligation assay (αSYN-PLA) staining. Upper images are phosphorylated-αSYN immunostaining and lower images are αSYN-PLA staining. The left images are low-magnification images and the right images are high-magnification images of the area circled by the white squares. A Substantia nigra, B Locus coeruleus, C Frontal cortex, and D Occipital cortex. Scale bars 100 µm in low-magnification images, 20 µm in high-magnification images. p-αSYN , phosphorylated α-synuclein; IHC , immunohistochemistry; PLA , proximity ligation assay

Article Snippet: After blocking in 3% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 30 min, primary antibody for phosphorylated-αSYN (1:2000; mouse monoclonal, psyn#64, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) was added and incubated at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Proximity Ligation Assay, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01440-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: α-synuclein (αSYN) oligomers in the hippocampus in patients with or without cognitive impairment. A αSYN-PLA staining images of PD patients with or without cognitive impairment. The upper two images are from patients with cognitive impairment and the lower image is from a patient without cognitive impairment. The left images are low-magnification images of the hippocampus, including the granule cell layer and CA2. The right images are high-magnification images of the pyramidal cells in the CA2. B Each pathological score in the CA1 and CA2 between patients with and without cognitive impairment. Black squares represent the scores of patients with cognitive impairment; white squares represent the scores of patients without cognitive impairment. Scale bars 100 µm in low-magnification images, 10 µm in high-magnification images. CA, cornus ammonis; CI , cognitive impairment; *P < 0.05

Article Snippet: After blocking in 3% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 30 min, primary antibody for phosphorylated-αSYN (1:2000; mouse monoclonal, psyn#64, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) was added and incubated at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica Communications

Article Title: Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01440-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: α-synuclein (αSYN) aggregation process and temporal accumulation of each aggregate (hypothesis). A Monomeric αSYN molecules assemble to form αSYN oligomers. As aggregation proceeds, they develop protofibrils and eventually fibrils. B A hypothetical accumulation process of αSYN aggregates in Parkinson's disease could include the following. αSYN oligomers fill first in neuropil and then accumulate in neurons. As Lewy-related pathology forms and accumulates, synuclein oligomers diminish, and Lewy-related pathology becomes predominant. Furthermore, as the disease progresses to the terminal stage and neuronal loss becomes more severe, the Lewy-related pathology also decreases

Article Snippet: After blocking in 3% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 30 min, primary antibody for phosphorylated-αSYN (1:2000; mouse monoclonal, psyn#64, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) was added and incubated at 4 °C overnight.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Lily polysaccharides alleviate colitis through the microbiota–N8-acetylspermidine–cGAS–STING signaling axis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1686902

Figure Lengend Snippet: The therapeutic effect of lily polysaccharide on colitis. (a) Changes of mice weight. (Day x/Day 0 *100%, n = 5). (b) Disease activity index. ( n = 4). (c,d) Quantified lengths of colonic tissues isolated from mice after treatment ( n = 5). (e) H&E-stained histological sections of colons. Representative digital photos. (f) The pathology score of colons from mice in the different treatment group ( n = 5). (g–i) The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β , IL-6 and TNF- α in colon of mice were detected by ELISA ( n = 5). (j) The expression levels of MUC2 were determined by immunofluorescence staining in the mouse colon. Representative digital photos. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistically significant differences are indicated; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the samples were washed again with PBST and incubated overnight at 4 °C with a primary antibody against MUC2 (Rabbit polyclonal IgG, Proteintech, Catalog No. 27675-1-AP, unconjugated; 1:200 dilution).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Isolation, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Lily polysaccharides alleviate colitis through the microbiota–N8-acetylspermidine–cGAS–STING signaling axis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1686902

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fecal bacteria transplantation experiments showed that LP could positively regulate the gut microbiota. (a) Changes of mice weight. (Day x/Day 0 *100%, n = 5). (b) Disease activity index ( n = 5). (c,d) Quantified lengths of colonic tissues isolated from mice after treatment ( n = 5). (e) H&E-stained histological sections of colons. Representative digital photos. (f) The pathology score of colons from mice in the different treatment group ( n = 5). (g–i) The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon of mice were detected by ELISA ( n = 5). (j) The expression levels of MUC2 were determined by immunofluorescence staining in the mouse colon. Representative digital photos. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistically significant differences are indicated; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the samples were washed again with PBST and incubated overnight at 4 °C with a primary antibody against MUC2 (Rabbit polyclonal IgG, Proteintech, Catalog No. 27675-1-AP, unconjugated; 1:200 dilution).

Techniques: Bacteria, Transplantation Assay, Activity Assay, Isolation, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Lily polysaccharides alleviate colitis through the microbiota–N8-acetylspermidine–cGAS–STING signaling axis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1686902

Figure Lengend Snippet: Replenishing N8AS can effectively alleviate enteritis. (a) Changes of mice weight.(Day x/Day 0 *100%, n = 5). (b) Disease activity index. ( n = 5). (c,d) Quantified lengths of colonic tissues isolated from mice after treatment ( n = 5). (e) H&E-stained histological sections of colons. Representative digital photos. (f) The pathology score of colons from mice in the different treatment group ( n = 5). (g–i) The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in colon of mice were detected by ELISA ( n = 5). (j) The expression levels of MUC2 were determined by immunofluorescence staining in the mouse colon. Representative digital photos. (k–o) The protein expression levels of cGAS, STING, p-TBK, p-IRF3 were assessed by western blot analysis. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistically significant differences are indicated; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the samples were washed again with PBST and incubated overnight at 4 °C with a primary antibody against MUC2 (Rabbit polyclonal IgG, Proteintech, Catalog No. 27675-1-AP, unconjugated; 1:200 dilution).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Isolation, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Lily polysaccharides alleviate colitis through the microbiota–N8-acetylspermidine–cGAS–STING signaling axis

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1686902

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro verification, lily polysaccharide can inhibit the cGAS-STING pathway and play an anti-inflammatory role. (a) IL-1β mRNA expression. (b) TNF-α mRNA expression level. (c) IL-6 mRNA expression level. (d) ZO-1 mRNA expression level. (e) occludin mRNA expression level. (f) MUC2 mRNA expression level. (g–k) The protein expression levels of cGAS, STING, p-TBK, p-IRF3 were assessed by western blot analysis. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistically significant differences are indicated; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the samples were washed again with PBST and incubated overnight at 4 °C with a primary antibody against MUC2 (Rabbit polyclonal IgG, Proteintech, Catalog No. 27675-1-AP, unconjugated; 1:200 dilution).

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Western Blot